Sorry for the reddit lawyering here. Real lawyers such as
@18in32 can disagree or whatever.
NCAA v Miller had similar facts. The state of Nevada tried to regulate how COI hearings were conducted to protect University of Nevada. The law was struck down as an unlawful restraint on interstate commerce at the state level.
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/795/1476/2596428/
For California, the contract between the NCAA and UCLA says that UCLA must not allow players to take endorsement deals. The contract says UCLA must take steps necessary to prevent players from getting endorsement deals, such as UCLA's contract with players for their scholarships. If the UCLA knows about player endorsement deals, their contract with NCAA requires reporting the deal to NCAA. The NCAA may require the player to be barred from competition. If UCLA does not bar the player, it is in breach of the contract.
There are no issues with either NCAA/UCLA or UCLA/player contracts in contract law and so the CA law could probably be struck down as restraint on interstate trade. But there is also antitrust law.
NCAA v O'Bannon is a tortured ruling which says that the NCAA cannot have restraints on compensation from schools to players below the full "cost of attendance." However, the NCAA's restraints on cash payment above "cost of attendance" is perfectly fine because the NCAA concept of "amateurism" is in fact
procompetitive. The court reasoned the restraints on excess cash payments created demand for college sports which would not exist if players were paid. The procompetitive effects of amateurism even allowed the NCAA to restrict players from receiving cash from EA for their likenesses.
https://casetext.com/case/obannon-v-natl-collegiate-athletic-assn-10?ref=Sb!eZ8FDy
The case only applies so far in the 9th circuit and the SC did not grant cert. So who knows if another circuit could rule different. As it stands, the precedents in 9th circuit would strike down the CA law and allow NCAA restraints on cash compensation from any source for players' likeness, as long as compensation meets the full cost of attendance.
The dissent in O'Bannon gives reasons why I think O'Bannon was wrong. It's not clear that allowing players to receive outside compensation for their likeness would be so awful for the sport. Meanwhile, the anticompetitive effects of restricting all schools and players from outside compensation are obvious. And man, the status quo is
extremely inequitable. The sums of money for TV contracts and licensing are orders of magnitude more than value given to players through scholarships, coaching, etc.
Sure, it's not a clear cut case. A court can reasonably strike down the CA law on interstate commerce grounds
and not use the Sherman Antitrust Act. But also, in a sane world, the NCAA should just get its head out of its ass and allow the players to get paid. The NCAA isn't required to have these restraints in their contracts.